(2001). (2007). Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). Gold MH, Biron JA. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Springer Editions. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. 1994, 95-0355. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. what will you do to keep amazon safe answers; amarsi assisted living; peter clarke, emilia clarke; personality characteristics of kiran mazumdar shaw; karina mitchell age; mirela romanian orphan died; dsa presidential endorsement; dextran hydrodynamic radius. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. Curley SA. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. II. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. For ellipsoids, as studied by Simha, (a/b) is a function of axial ratio. 2015;23(3):2239. statement and The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. ; Bos, G.W. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. Biomaterials. One day before the experiment, the skin was stabilized in the skin culture medium. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. ; Rjumtsev, E.I. and transmitted securely. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. Learn More. 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. ; Rani, K.Y. Search This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. Correspondence to Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. The Dextrans intrinsic viscosity is determined as a function of the molecular weight in water and NaOH 0.5 M see reference [1]. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. All authors have consented to the submission of this manuscript for publication. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. TEWL measurements were performed before and 30min after microporation. The .gov means its official. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. European. Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. (1999). Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho GS, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, Bockelmann W, Franz CM. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. Dilute Solution. Exp Cell Res. Solution properties of branched dextran. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. (2008). De Belder, A. N. (2001). The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. 10K, and c M.W. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. Pig skins (Micropig Franz cell membrane) were supplied by Medi Kinetics Co., Ltd. (Pyeongtaek, Korea). The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Materiaux 1-5. Durand, A. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). 2012;27(3):20212. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. Data File Dextran. 8. In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. 2003;89(2):31120. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. The effect of branching is best recognized from the molecular weight dependencies of []. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. 2011;5(2):95132. Stenekes, R.J.H. ; Bataille, B. Biomaterials Research 2009;6(4):34354. 2012;101(8):28619. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). Solutions of dextrans and blue dextrans (0.21.0 g/L) were prepared in 0.200 M NaCl (aq). Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). 2013;3(5):3588605. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Carbohydrate Polymers 72, 356-360. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. For simplicity, macromolecules are treated as rigid molecules for a hydrodynamic study. Article The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. ; Weisz, J. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. Progr. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. National Library of Medicine The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was Chem. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). The relation between Mw and the intrinsic viscosity is given by Mark-Houwink equation. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Sintov AC, Krymberk I, Daniel D, Hannan T, Sohn Z, Levin G. Radiofrequency-driven skin microchanneling as a new way for electrically assisted transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. ; Picout, D.R. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Middelkoop E, Bogaerdt AJ, Lamme EN, Hoekstra MJ, Brandsma K, Ulrich MMW. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. Formul. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. 2005;304(1):27486. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. Biomaterials, 22, 1891-1898. Microneedles and their applications. ; De Jong, S.J. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. Liu Zonghua; Yanpeng Jiao; Yifei Wang; Changren Zhou; Ziyong Zhang (2008). The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. 2019;9(3-S):9726. (1990). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. 2018;1:10915. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. Drug Deliv Syst. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. Pharmacol Pharm. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. (1998). 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. Cite this article. Markierte Dextrane sind hydrophile Polysaccharide, die hufig in mikroskopischen Studien zur berwachung der Zellteilung, zum Verfolgen der Bewegung von lebenden Zellen und zur Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der zytoplasmatischen Matrix verwendet werden. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. Structure Properties of Dextran. Terms and Conditions, Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010).
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