There are also several regional and special-interest newspapers and magazines, such as Chicago, the Dziennik Zwizkowy (Polish Daily News), Draugas (the Lithuanian daily newspaper), the Chicago Reader, the SouthtownStar, the Chicago Defender, the Daily Herald, Newcity,[323][324] StreetWise and the Windy City Times. [citation needed] The Lithuanian Opera Company of Chicago was founded by Lithuanian Chicagoans in 1956,[221] and presents operas in Lithuanian. From the grand historic downtown theatres to those tucked away in a neighborhood storefront or church basement, audiences will find theatre of the highest quality throughout the city. It produced the first American publication for homosexuals, Friendship and Freedom. Chicago literature finds its roots in the city's tradition of lucid, direct journalism, lending to a strong tradition of social realism. In a normal summer, temperatures reach at least 90F (32C) on as many as 23days, with lakefront locations staying cooler when winds blow off the lake. January and February are the coldest months. In 1900, 470,000 Chicagoansone out of every four residentshad either been born in Germany or had a parent born there. It includes nineteen boulevards, eight parks, and six squares, along twenty-six miles of interconnected streets. Scope: population of Illinois and Chicago. What would become the influential Poetry magazine was founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe, who was working as an art critic for the Chicago Tribune. [citation needed], In 2005, indie rock artist Sufjan Stevens created a concept album about Illinois titled Illinois; many of its songs were about Chicago and its history. Chicago is also the location of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago. [238][239][240], A distinctly Chicago sandwich, the Italian beef sandwich is thinly sliced beef simmered in au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. The fountain's two towers display visual effects from LED images of Chicagoans' faces, along with water spouting from their lips. The Mandarin-speaking people settled throughout Chicago and the suburbs . [87] Major construction projects, including the Sears Tower (now known as the Willis Tower, which in 1974 became the world's tallest building), University of Illinois at Chicago, McCormick Place, and O'Hare International Airport, were undertaken during Richard J. Daley's tenure. [276] The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget.[277]. The city is the United States' third-largest convention destination. Chicago is a major world financial center, with the second-largest central business district in the United States. Jackson Park offers more than 500 acres of mature parkland along the lakefront, containing flower gardens, watercourses to wooded isles, sports facilities, stocked fish ponds, 18 miles of walking and biking pathsand it's the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center. Chicago was named Americas Best Bike City by Bicycling Magazine in 2016. [204] In 2022, Kellogg's announced that the new spin-off of its snack business will move to the Chicago area,[205] and Google announced a major real estate acquisition and expansion in the Loop.[206]. Chicago is home to NetherRealm Studios, the developers of the Mortal Kombat series. The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field. [309] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked second, Jones College Prep is third, and the oldest magnet school in the city, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, which was opened in 1975, is ranked fourth. [169][170] Since the 2013 legalization of same-sex marriage in Illinois, over 10,000 same-sex couples have wed in Cook County, a majority of them in Chicago. [citation needed], The Great Migration, which had been on pause due to the Depression, resumed at an even faster pace in the second wave, as hundreds of thousands of blacks from the South arrived in the city to work in the steel mills, railroads, and shipping yards. These laws became templates for public health reform in other cities and states. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for US president at the 1860 Republican National Convention, which was held in a purpose-built auditorium called, the Wigwam. The Republican political machine in Chicago was utterly destroyed by the economic crisis, and every mayor since 1931 has been a Democrat.[78]. cities. The name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the indigenous Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa for a wild relative of the onion; it is known to botanists as Allium tricoccum and known more commonly as "ramps". An expansion will include 32 acres of linear park space along the Chicago River, 10 acres of sports and recreational fields and 17 acres of wetland park. [91][92], In 1992, a construction accident near the Kinzie Street Bridge produced a breach connecting the Chicago River to a tunnel below, which was part of an abandoned freight tunnel system extending throughout the downtown Loop district. Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, with the Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[207] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907. The most populous city in Florida is also one of its most religious cities, and while very diverse religiously, still has a large majority which at least identifies with one religion. QuickFacts provides statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana area are clustered. [9] The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by 1900, less than 30 years after the fire, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world. In Chicago 48.69% of the population is White In Chicago 30.95% of the population is Black In Chicago 6.09% of the population is Asian Compare Chicago, IL Demographics vs Compare Chicago population breakdown by race In Chicago, 29.1% of people are of Hispanic or Latino origin. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the third-largest Czech city in the world, after Prague and Vienna. The top tourist destination in Chicago and the Midwest in 2017, Millennium Park offers 25 acres of exuberant architecture, serene gardens, grand pavilions, and dazzling fountains that sculpt light and water, walking paths. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. Both the Bulls and the Blackhawks play at the United Center. Nearly one-in-ten New Yorkers (8%) are Jewish, 3% are Muslim and another 3% are Hindu. Some Irish already lived in Chicago when it was incorporated as a city in 1837. On January 27, 2021, Mayor Lightfoot described the worsening wave of carjackings as being 'top of mind,' and added 40 police officers to the CPD carjacking unit. 94.3%. The Exposition drew 27.5million visitors, and is considered the most influential world's fair in history. [302] Jens Ludwig, director of the University of Chicago Crime Lab, estimated that shootings cost the city of Chicago $2.5billion in 2012. [15] Chicago has the third largest Italian American population in the United States, behind only New York City and Philadelphia. Among the 17 largest metropolitan areas, New Yorks Jewish share is matched only by Miami (9%). Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Conservative Baptist Association of America, General Association of Regular Baptist Churches, Nondenominational Christian (Evangelical Trad. Two tall glass sculptures make up the Crown Fountain. Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021. Even more challenging were the social conditions in some parts of the city. This local church is pastored by Cardinal Blase J. Cupich, assisted by six Episcopal Vicars, each responsible for a vicariate (region). The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed. [297][298], In 2012, Chicago ranked 21st in the United States in numbers of homicides per person, and in the first half of 2013 there was a significant drop per-person, in all categories of violent crime, including homicide (down 26%). [84] While home loan discriminatory redlining against blacks continued, the real estate industry practiced what became known as blockbusting, completely changing the racial composition of whole neighborhoods. The average land elevation is 579ft (176.5m) above sea level. The DW60 stands at approximately 196ft (60m), which is 46 feet (14m) taller than the previous wheel. When the Great Plains opened up for settlement in the 1830s and 1840s, many German immigrants stopped in Chicago to earn additional money before moving West to claim a homestead. [175], According to the 20082012 American Community Survey, the ancestral groups having 10,000 or more persons in Chicago were:[176], Persons identifying themselves in "Other groups" were classified at 1.72million, and unclassified or not reported were approximately 153,000. RELIGIOUS GROUPINGS, Continues decennial series started in 1952, Provides data on specific religious bodies, from the Amish to Zoroastrians, Differentiates among specific bodies within same tradition, Features the only county-level data on U.S. religious adherence, Congregations - the gatheringof persons who meet together regularly for worship, Members - persons with communicant, confirmed, or full membership status, Adherents - members, their children, and the estimated number of other participants who are not considered members, Average weekly attendance - all those who participate in weeklyservices, Participate in the 2030 U.S. [31], After the War of 1812, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. Anarchist and socialist groups played prominent roles in creating very large and highly organized labor actions. [citation needed], Lakeview is home to Boystown, the city's large LGBT nightlife and culture center. Religion Census, email cliff.grammich@usreligioncensus.org. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic. The organization, formed in 1924, was called the Society for Human Rights. Seattle, San Francisco and Boston are notable not only because they have relatively few Christians, but also for their considerable populations of religious nones (atheists, agnostics and those who say their religion is nothing in particular). Rauch established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866. B. and Chicago Med. [194] Illinois is home to 66 Fortune 1000 companies, including those in Chicago. [82], Mayor Richard J. Daley, a Democrat, was elected in 1955, in the era of machine politics. Future services will terminate at Rockford and Moline. [77], The Great Depression brought unprecedented suffering to Chicago, in no small part due to the city's heavy reliance on heavy industry. Chicago nicknames or aliases (official or unofficial): Chi-Town, City in a Garden, The City of the Big Shoulders, The City . [93], On February 23, 2011, former Illinois Congressman and White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel won the mayoral election. About 18.3% of families and 22.1% of the population lived below the poverty line. Civil and criminal law cases are heard in the Cook County Circuit Court of the State of Illinois court system, or in the Northern District of Illinois, in the federal system. The ethnic makeup of the population is 28% Hispanic and 72% belong to non Hispanic background. In addition to Boeing, which located its headquarters in Chicago in 2001, and United Airlines in 2011, GE Transportation moved its offices to the city in 2013 and GE Healthcare moved its HQ to the city in 2016, as did ThyssenKrupp North America, and agriculture giant Archer Daniels Midland. Affordability, top notch crew and talent, and state-of-the-art facilities and vendors have made Chicago a hotbed for film and television dating back to The Blues Brother. By 1930 450 families of Volga German heritage were living in the Jefferson Park area, most of whom originated from Wiesenseite. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Navy Pier, located just east of Streeterville, is 3,000ft (910m) long and houses retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. Data from 372groups has arrived. The undergraduate student body is split among 41 states (may include Washington D.C.). Chicago has 28 sister cities around the world. While Christians make up between 65% and 75% of adults in most of those metro areas and people with no religious affiliation generally make up roughly 20-25% of the population some cities stand out for a variety of reasons. 1935: Chicago native, Jay Berwanger was the first recipient of the Heisman Trophy. [27] There are about 185,000 Arabs in Cook County with another 75,000 in the five surrounding counties. [256] They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since 1908, and had not participated in a World Series since 1945, both records, until they beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. It is the seat of several dioceses. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white ), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. Official records for Chicago were kept at various locations in downtown from January 1871 to 31 December 1925, University of Chicago from 1 January 1926 to 30 June 1942, Midway Airport from 1 July 1942 to 16 January 1980, and at O'Hare Airport since 17 January 1980. 40,000 of them came as refugees during the 1990s and early 2000s.[18]. The city has one of the largest Assyrian Diaspora populations, with the Assyrian community of Metropolitan Chicago numbering as many as 80,000. [329], Chicago has five 50,000 watt AM radio stations: the CBS Radio-owned WBBM and WSCR; the Tribune Broadcasting-owned WGN; the Cumulus Media-owned WLS; and the ESPN Radio-owned WMVP. In 1906, they established Dzemijetul Hajrije (The Benevolent Society) of Illinois to preserve the community's religious and national traditions as well as to provide mutual assistance for funerals and illness. ), Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad. Chicago is not listed as a sister city on the official list of the Greek government. Chicagos 250-plus theatre companies take the stage at more than 200 theatres to perform work as varied and diverse as their audiences. The longevity of the study, since the 1950's,helps to identify trends and track religious change. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the skyscraper era,[57] which would then be followed by many other cities around the world. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings. This dialect can also be found in other cities bordering the Great Lakes such as Cleveland, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Rochester, New York, and most prominently features a rearrangement of certain vowel sounds, such as the short 'a' sound as in "cat", which can sound more like "kyet" to outsiders. May 02, 2012 at 10:49 am. View maps for any participating religious group. . 85.4%. Of the city population, 26.2% were under the age of 18, 11.2% were from 18 to 24, 33.4% were from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 years of age or older. Over a third of the city population is concentrated in the lakefront neighborhoods from Rogers Park in the north to South Shore in the south. Protestant bodies account for most congregations and adherents. [62], During the 1870s and 1880s, Chicago attained national stature as the leader in the movement to improve public health. [178] Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are the largest branches (34% and 35% respectively), followed by Eastern Orthodoxy and Jehovah's Witnesses with 1% each. importance of religion by metro area, Learn More: importance of religion in one's life, Very important, Somewhat important, Not too important, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who attend religious services, Compare: In 2003, Robb Report named Chicago the country's "most exceptional dining destination".[246]. The city served as the venue for the medical dramas ER and Chicago Hope, as well as the fantasy drama series Early Edition and the 20052009 drama Prison Break. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. The early years of Chicago coincided with the significant rise in Irish immigration in the 1830s and 1840s. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Chicago is served by O'Hare International Airport, the world's busiest airport measured by airline operations,[348] on the far Northwest Side, and Midway International Airport on the Southwest Side. Chicago has several other contemporary and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago and Chicago Dance Crash. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. The Archdiocese is divided into six vicariates and 31 deaneries. 35.2%. [3], In 2000, 21.7% of the population was foreign born; of this, 56.3% came from Latin America, 23.1% from Europe, 18.0% from Asia and 2.6% from other parts of the world. After successfully running for re-election five times, and becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley declined to run for a seventh term. Note: Further details on the religious makeup of cities (as well as states) are available at our interactive website on the 2014 Religious Landscape Study. In a 2016 campus survey, students identified 19 different spiritual and nonreligious practices. Chicago had more homicides than any other city in 2015 in total but not on per capita basis, according to the Chicago Tribune. [citation needed], Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. [105] The Illinois Department of Tourism defines Chicagoland as Cook County without the city of Chicago, and only Lake, DuPage, Kane, and Will counties. [125], Chicago gave its name to the Chicago School and was home to the Prairie School, two movements in architecture. Chicago is home to. Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. [122][123], The Merchandise Mart, once first on the list of largest buildings in the world, currently listed as 44th-largest (as of 9September2013[update]), had its own zipcode until 2008, and stands near the junction of the North and South branches of the Chicago River. In the forty years from 1850 to 1890, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1million. The city grew significantly in size and population by incorporating many neighboring townships between 1851 and 1920, with the largest annexation happening in 1889, with five townships joining the city, including the Hyde Park Township, which now comprises most of the South Side of Chicago and the far southeast of Chicago, and the Jefferson Township, which now makes up most of Chicago's Northwest Side. In 2016, the population of Hispanics exceeded that of Blacks to become Chicago's largest minority group with non-Hispanic Whites representing 32.6% of the population, Hispanics at 29.7% of the population, and Blacks at 29.3% of the population. [17] There are approximately 70,000 Bosnian Americans in Chicago. RELIGION CENSUS FINDINGS, VIEW THE 2010 MAJORU.S. Religious composition of adults in the Chicago metro area Christian 71% Evangelical Protestant 16% Mainline Protestant 11% Historically Black Protestant 8% Catholic 34% Mormon < 1% Orthodox Christian 1% Jehovah's Witness 1% Other Christian 1% Non-Christian Faiths 7% Jewish 3% Muslim 2% Buddhist 1% Hindu 1% Other World Religions 1% Other Faiths 1% [140][143] Most of the city's rainfall is brought by thunderstorms, averaging 38 a year. At the end of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world,[156] and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the dawn of the century. The term "midway" for a fair or carnival referred originally to the Midway Plaisance, a strip of park land that still runs through the University of Chicago campus and connects the Washington and Jackson Parks. [252] In the 1980s, a modern form of poetry performance began in Chicago, the poetry slam. [118], The destruction caused by the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. Within sixty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population went from about 300,000 to over 3million,[157] and reached its highest ever recorded population of 3.6million for the 1950 census. It reversed the flow of the Chicago River so that the water flowed away from Lake Michigan rather than into it. views about same-sex marriage by metro area, Learn More: views about same-sex marriage, Strongly favor/favor, Oppose/strongly oppose, Compare: All other percentages (such as state-level data or data on specific demographic groups) are rounded to the nearest integer (e.g., 23%). Religion Census is your source for religious data at the county level. [19] There are approximately 14,000 Ukrainians living within the Chicago city limits. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the 1833 Treaty of Chicago and sent west of the Mississippi River as part of the federal policy of Indian removal. In Millennium Park, the reflective Cloud Gate public sculpture by artist Anish Kapoor is the centerpiece of the AT&T Plaza in Millennium Park. Israelis began coming to Chicago in the 1970s during a period of . The other remaining charter franchise, the Chicago Cardinals, also started out in the city, but is now known as the Arizona Cardinals. English is the primary language of the city, and Christianity account as the predominant faith. Explore from one of the 150-plus buildings with behind-the-scenes tours. "Chicagoan" redirects here. The strength of the party in the city is partly a consequence of Illinois state politics, where the Republicans have come to represent rural and farm concerns while the Democrats support urban issues such as Chicago's public school funding. In 2018, the Chicago Department of Health, estimated 7.5% of the adult population, approximately 146,000 Chicagoans, were LGBTQ. Gary/Chicago International Airport and Chicago Rockford International Airport, located in Gary, Indiana and Rockford, Illinois, respectively, can serve as alternative Chicago area airports, however they do not offer as many commercial flights as O'Hare and Midway. views about government aid to the poor by metro area, Learn More: views about government aid to the poor, Does more harm than good, Does more good than harm, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say abortion should be, Compare: During much of the last half of the 19th century, Chicago's politics were dominated by a growing Democratic Party organization. By 1935 the Workers Alliance of America begun organizing the poor, workers, the unemployed. "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology". The Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is in Downers Grove. The observation deck includes an enclosed glass balcony that extends 4.3 feet (1.3m) out on the side of the building. He defeated Douglas in the general election, and this set the stage for the American Civil War. [3] By ethnicity, 28.8% of the total population is Hispanic-Latino (of any race) and 71.2% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). By the time of its first census, seven years later, the population had reached over 4,000. Chicago is a major world convention destination. [235] Certain Chicago pizza favorites include Lou Malnati's and Giordano's. The city lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 6a, transitioning to 5b in the suburbs. In 1956, the city conducted its last major expansion when it annexed the land under O'Hare airport, including a small portion of DuPage County. [263], Five area colleges play in DivisionI conferences: two from major conferencesthe DePaul Blue Demons (Big East Conference) and the Northwestern Wildcats (Big Ten Conference)and three from other D1 conferencesthe Chicago State Cougars (Western Athletic Conference); the Loyola Ramblers (Missouri Valley Conference); and the UIC Flames (Horizon League). 2010 U.S.Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. [72] This Great Migration had an immense cultural impact, called the Chicago Black Renaissance, part of the New Negro Movement, in art, literature, and music. [344] As of 2002[update], severe freight train congestion caused trains to take as long to get through the Chicago region as it took to get there from the West Coast of the country (about 2 days). [citation needed], Chicago has been a hub of the retail sector since its early development, with Montgomery Ward, Sears, and Marshall Field's. [6] The large Hispanic population is rather recent, with the segregation between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites being low when compared to Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. [158], In the 1920s and 1930s, the great majority of African Americans moving to Chicago settled in a socalled "Black Belt" on the city's South Side. [30], The city saw an increase of 20,606 people from July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008, according to census data. Welcome to Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, with a population of nearlythree million people. [54][55] During its rebuilding period, Chicago constructed the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel-skeleton construction.[56][57]. The Chicago Tribune, which coined the term, includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, and eight nearby Illinois counties: Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee, and three counties in Indiana: Lake, Porter and LaPorte. [citation needed] Since the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, four large companies left the Chicago area, Boeing left to focus on its defense contracts, Caterpillar, and Tyson Foods left to consolidate operations, and Citadel LLC cited crime-related factors. The Chicago Bears, one of the last two remaining charter members of the National Football League (NFL), have won nine NFL Championships, including the 1985 Super BowlXX. The median income for a household in the city was $38,625 in 2000, and the median income for a family was $46,748. [292][293] In 2009, the murder count fell to 458 (10% down). View the 2010 U.S. [11][citation needed]. The two teams have faced each other in a World Series only once: in 1906, when the White Sox, known as the "Hitless Wonders," defeated the Cubs, 42. [208] Chicago was also the site of the Schwinn Bicycle Company. From 1928 to 1933, the city witnessed a tax revolt, and the city was unable to meet payroll or provide relief efforts. belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by metro area, Learn More: belief in absolute standards for right and wrong, There are clear standards for what is right and wrong, Right or wrong depends on the situation, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who read scripture, Compare: views about size of government by metro area, Learn More: views about size of government, Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say government aid to the poor, Compare: [24] The city is the seat of the Evangelical Covenant Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. At least 7.2% identify as a different race and 0.1% identifies as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. [346] CREATE, the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program, comprises about 70 programs, including crossovers, overpasses and underpasses, that intend to significantly improve the speed of freight movements in the Chicago area.[347]. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.50. Chicago has a sizeable Romanian American community,[13] As of 2018[update], the Lithuanian population is over 100,000 and was formerly over 300,000; the world's oldest continuously published Lithuanian-language newspaper Draugus is based in Chicago. political ideology by metro area, Learn More: political ideology, Conservative, Moderate, Liberal, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who would rather have, Compare:
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