If no individual author is identified, but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility for the work, then cite it as the author. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Journal Articles Journals articles Print articles Online articles To cite a print journal use the following format: Author, 'title' [year] journal name or abbreviation first page of article [OR] Author, 'title' (year) volume journal name or abbreviation first page of article Journal Article. Speaker (if a direct quote)/Presenter, 'Title of the programme' (Radio station, date of the programme). Article to art.; articles to arts., Paragraph to para.; paragraphs to paras., Schedule to sch.; schedules to schs., Regulation to reg.; regulations to regs., Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (hereinafter GDPR), Mireille Hildebrandt, Law as an Affordance: The Devil is in the Vanishing Point(s) (2017) 4(1), Langdon Winner, Do Artifacts Have Politics?(1980). Running numbers for House of Commons Bills are put in square brackets; those for House of Lords Bills are not. Subsequent citations use only the surname, The full title of the article within double quotation marks () and capitalisation of all primary words, The year of publication in round brackets (unless there is no volume number), The volume number in Arabic numerals followed by the issue number in brackets (see examples below), The full name of the journal (in italics), The first and last page of the article (without pp.), If a more specific page reference is being given, the page number(s) (including p. or pp.). His Lordship opined thatthe pursuers case failed.. OSCOLA referencing, sometimes referred to as Oxford referencing, is a style of referencing primarily used in UK academic content related to the law. OSCOLA Journal Referencing Generator. Quotes less than 3 lines of text should appear in the body and be identified with double quotation marks (), with quotes within such quotes identified with single quotation marks (). Acronyms and short titles should only be used after the full title has appeared once in the text (e.g. And then it happens. Balogh v Hungary App no 47940/99 (ECtHR, 20 July 2004). For subsequent citation of cases, please cite the name of the first party only and the relevant paragraph, e.g. ABC, para. In England and Wales, there are no official law reports of any kind, but the Law Report series by the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting are considered the most authoritative. Please see the 4th edition of OSCOLA for comprehensive details on how to cite other secondary sources such as: We hope youve found our complete guide to OSCOLA referencing useful. Cases are written in a similar format here and in the main text; the only difference is the names of the parties involved are not italicised in the table of cases: The table of legislation includes all legal sources used other than cases for example, bills, Acts of Parliament and SIs. 405 0 obj <> endobj Revised on Paragraph numbers appear in square brackets and can be used for pinpointing in the same way as page numbers: Note that if youre pinpointing a judges comments within a case report, you include the name of the judge, and some special terms and abbreviations are used in the citation and in the text. There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. If known, give the number of the page on which the article was published, after the brackets. Author,Title of book(First published publication year, Edition if late than first, publisher, publication year) page if required. Title | HC Bill | (session) | [number] OR title | HL Bill | (session) | number. Please ensure there is a full stop at the end of every footnote. In the Young example, 72 is the volume number. In this first example the pinpoints are at the end to paragraphs 42 and 45 of the case: In this example for a secondary source the page number 131 is given at the end: For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 2.1.6 and OSCOLA 4.2.5. You should use Re the Domestic Abuse Act 2017 rather than In the matter of the Domestic Abuse act 2017. For example, in the following citation, the first number refers to the page on which the report begins, while the second number pinpoints the passage youre referring to: Where available, paragraph numbers should be used instead of page numbers. Use the following abbreviations: Official notices of the EU are in the Official Journal of the European Communities (which is abbreviated to OJ). No full stops are used with abbreviations other than e.g., i.e., vs., and etc. 428 0 obj <>stream Authors are responsible for ensuring that necessary amendments are carried out in light of Referee recommendations. In general only include the web address when the document is only available online, when the web address ia especiallyhelpful for finding the document and when the web address is static (eg. After the title, give the publication information in the following order: Put a comma after the first page of the article if there is a pinpoint. Usually, the bibliography is divided into three sections: Cases, Legislation and Secondary Sources Cases - List the cases alphabetically in order of the first significant word. For example: Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. To cite a print journaluse the following, The bibliography is the same format as the footnote except that. Use ( )if the date of publication is NOT needed to find the article eg. If you cant find a judgement in one of these general series you should refer to a specialist series of law reports such as the Family Law Reports. Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries for key source types. If online journals lack some of the publication elements for OSCOLA, follow the citation advice of the online journal. 4th ed.) if applicable; and. So articles from journals without independently numbered volumes should follow the format: author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. OSCOLA is an acronym which stands for the Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities. A bibliography lists all your secondary sources that is, everything other than cases and legislation. If there is no title, use the name of the case in italics instead, and put note at the end of the citation. analyse, not analyze; criticise, not criticize; characterise, not characterize). from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/oscola/. If you are referring to a particular Act a number of times in the same place, you can provide an abbreviated form of the title in the footnotes, as long as you let your reader know in advance. for more details. Author names in the bibliography are inverted, and initials are used in place of the first name: If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator. For Book Reviews, our in-house Book Review template should be used. You should abbreviate both as Smith J. Do notuse italics for text in the footnote unless it is a Latin abbreviation or a reference to a case or book requiring italics (e.g. For example, this footnote refers to two cases: If one or more references are more relevant than the others put these first and then see also. Footnote text should follow the rules stated above in Text, save that all numbers should be given as figures. When referring to a judge within a case, use the judges surname followed by the correct abbreviation. The relevant abbrevations are: subsection / subsections to sub-s/ sub-ss, subparagraph / subparagraphs to subpara/subparas. Author (Initials & Surname ) Example Journal Reference: 27. ibid 271-78. Original source cited again but with different page numbers Articles, Analysis Pieces, Case/Legislation Comments and Conference Reports should be written using our Article template. Available from: doi:10.1037/rmh0000008, On-line Journal, Off-line Journal, Journal Article. by For example, the following is a citation of volume 3, page 75 of Blackstones Commentaries on the Laws of England: OSCOLA provides a list of these abbreviations in their full guide, section 4.2.3. Follow the citation with the web address (in angled brackets) and the date you most recently accessed the article. Youve done it. Cite as a book but exclude author or editor and publisher. A pinpoint is a reference to a particular paragraph of a judgement or page of a report. El Gharras, H. 2009. Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, andis widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. Cruft R, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637, Ben McFarlane and Donal Nolan, Remedying Reliance: The Future Development of Promissory and Proprietary Estoppel in English Law (Obligations III conference, Brisbane, July 2006), 1. The full citation need only be given at the first reference to the case, which should also provide the shorthand reference to be used in subsequent citations. The bibliographyat the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. There are a number of ways you can pinpoint specific details within publications, depending on what the publication is. Recap: Example for Journal Articles. Be aware of the difference before and after 1996. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). Scribbr. For example: Council Directive 2002/60/EC of 27 June 2002 laying down specific provisions for the control of African swine fever and amending Directive 92/119/EEC as regards Teschen disease and African swine fever [2002] OJ L192/27. For judgements of the European Court of Human Rights, you should cite either the offical reports, the Reports of Judgements and Decisions (ECHR) or the European Human Rights Reports (EHRR). Example: T opi ng S, Beck D a d Wils P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). Treat case notes with titles as if they are journal articles. There is no need to list the authors qualifications. The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. If the book has more than one volume, you should follow the volume number with the publication details. Include the person's position if relevant. If you source an article online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by 'and others'. The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is a referencing style used by students and academics in law. If submissions are made in a language other than English, the Title and Abstract must also be submitted in English. Before 1996, the offocial reports were known and Series A and numbered consecutively. If there is no clear author, give the organisation providing the source as the author. Published on Bill title HL Bill (Session) Bill number. HL Deb OR HC Deb | date, | volume, | column. OSCOLA Referencing Guide. 1 1. The company contracts with institutions, including the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Yale, for the use of their facilities, and also contracts with tutors from those institutions, but does not operate under the aegis of the University of Oxford or those other institutions. The tables and bibliography appear at the end of your text. nmbib -- Multiple versions of a bibliography, with different sort orders notes2bib -- Integrating notes into the bibliography notex-bst -- A BibTeX style that outputs HTML oscola -- BibLaTeX style for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities perception -- BibTeX style for the journal Perception (accessed 25 January 2018). See3.4.11 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. Neither do citations of cases with a neutral citation. The names of publishers other than Cambridge University Press (CUP) and Oxford University Press (OUP) should be written in full. endstream endobj startxref For example. If you have questions about reference formats, please contact us with your query using the Query form on the guide, or email us at library.infoservices@mu.ie. If the judge is a peer, refer to them as Lord, e.g. For multiple authors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. No comma should appear between the word Act and the year. x and x, not x or x). If you cant find a judgement in the Law Reports, you should cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Law Reports. hb```lKa1.I @9Y +ov {n!`Df @l Xt4` h " G1j LV8*``fcgX+A*E >`l2A CXA*0pJ s 6 (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader . Institutions and inflows of foreign direct investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. If the information is only available online, give the URL before the accessed date information. 28 February 2020 Say goodbye to inaccurate citations! The most common ones are covered below. The authors name should be centred under the title and in lower case italics (e.g. %%EOF Dont use popular titles of Acts, for example, Lord Campbells Act. Pinpoints such as volumes and page numbers come after the publication information. Please also consult the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) for correct spellings. The letter L refers to the legislation series. If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. Justine Pila, The Value of Authorship in the Digital Environment in William H Dutton and Paul W Jeffreys (eds). Enter pages of the chapter you wish to refer to. Use [ ] if the dateofpublication is needed to find the article eg. To use a footnote, put a superscript number into your text and then the footnote at the bottom of the page. You dont need to give the place of publication. The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is a referencing style used by students and academics in law. Authors are invited to make submissions in any language, though consideration of them is subject to the Editorial Boards ability to locate an appropriate peer-reviewer in the subject language. Remove additional data for ONLINE sources, Enter the date you accessed the journal in dd Month YYYY format. Try to be specific and use a specific footnote number (For exampleSee n 52for the footnote. When you cite a statutory instrument, give the name, year and (after a comma) the SI number. There are three series of Hansard, one reporting debates on the floor of the House of Commons, one debates in the House of Lords, and one debates in the Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, which replaced standing committees in 2007. For example: Tom Bingham, The Rule of Law (Alan Lane 2010). See3.4.10 OSCOLA 4th ed. OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Generator Create an OSCOLA Journal Article Reference Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article Select a different Source Type See examples Share this: * Required Fields 1. Thereference is then given in the footnoteat the bottom of the page. There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. Chatterton v Gerson, [1981] 1 All ER 257 (QB) (hereinafterChatterton). When a Bill is reprinted at any stage it is given a new running number. This is the Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. Misc (multiple authors, editors.) OSCOLA stands for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. Example: Samuel Topping and others, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). SCRIPTed publishes Articles, Analysis Pieces, Case/Legislation Comments, Book Reviews, and Conference Reports. If referring to comments by someone in particular, add that information as you would a pinpoint, before the url. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. Pinpointing a page Example Where there is no relevant advice elsewhere in OSCOLA, follow the general principles for secondary sources when citing websites and blogs. At the same time, OSCOLA allows citing sources not included in the manual while adhering to the general principles set out . Include the edition and year. Simon Tonking, Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. Below you will find guidance and examples of how to set out a footnote reference to a book with two or threeauthorsandin the bibliography. However if the articleis only available online, use the same format as for print journals but at the end of the citation add the web address within < > marks and the date you most recently accessed the article. In the bibliography list all of the authors. For shorter essays, this is usually not necessary, but do check your institutions guidelines. e.g. For example (ed) or (tr). Title: Referencing using OSCOLA Author: Fennell, Graham Created Date: Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submission conforms to SCRIPTeds formatting style (see below and our Article and Book Review templates), and for ensuring that all citations are accurate. Narcotics contribute greatly to the black economy, for example the value of illegal drugs transactions has been estimated at up to 1.5 billion annually. Where cases concern only individuals, leave out forenames and initials. Use col or cols for column(s). Cite a Bill by its title, the House in which it originated, the Parliamentary session in brackets, and the running number assigned to it. That means that you add small, superscript numbers (for example, 1,2,3) to the sources in your text, which connect to footnotes at the bottom of your page. Usesingle quotation marksand include within the text. T2p210g0r`>Pj%mei P *VBQ@\37U0wt0TtVtw4dw4"v0;*:Hp,PZ=Hs1~13pa` 1``R @A I^x(3p)CT1r u0Yy For example, UKSC is the United Kingdom Supreme Court, and Cr App R refers to the Criminal Appeal Reports. A law report includes features such as a headnote summarising the facts of a case and judgement, and lists of cases considered. When citing personal communications, such as emails and letters, give the author and recipient of the communication, and the date. If the newspaper is divided into sections, and the page numbering begins afresh in each section, put the section name in roman before the page number, with a space but no comma between the two. Use the full name of the author(s) as written in the source. If pinpointing specific paragraphs, place these in square brackets. the name of the journal in roman, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops; and. Subsequent citations of secondary sources: use the author's or authors' surname(s): 1. A House of Lords judge (or Law Lord) is called Lord Brown or Lady Brown, depending on gender. Authors should provide an abstract of 250 words or fewer, which will appear under the listing of the published version. Retrieved 27 February 2023, (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) cases. Where there are multiple parties in cases, you should name only the first claimant and the first defendant. This will be the case for virtually all articles found in Westlaw, Lexis and Hein Online. The list is organised by type of source, and then alphabetically. Including quotations You do not need to use the Honourable. When you dont need to use the year to identify the law report volume, give the year of judgement (not publication) in round brackets. hbbd``b`ADk$,A"z g $qYq# Subsequent citations may use the abbreviated form. Rowan Cruft, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637. In the bibliography, list Command Papers alphabetically by author in Secondary Sources. Gunther Teubner, Legal Irritants: Good Faith in British Law or How Unifying Law Ends up in New Divergences [1998] MLR 11. Authors are invited to make submissions in any language, though consideration of submissions is subject to the Editorial Boards ability to locate an appropriate peer reviewer in the subject language. concept X, not concept X). If there is no obvious author/speaker, begin the citation with the title of the programme. From 2001, case numbers were used instead of page numbers. Author, Article Title [Year] or (Year) Volume number Journal name Page number. It is widely used in law schools and by journal and book publishers in the UK and beyond. If you have included the case name in the text, you do not have to include the case names in the footnote: If the information is available in print, reference the print version. hbbd```b`` iX$&``j0L.GI Hc~ 6j / For example: You do not need to footnote an Act if you make it identifiable in the text. When you cite hard copy journal articles, give the authors name first, followed by a comma. List alphabetically in author order in secondary sources, giving the authors surname first. author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article,| specific page referred to, author, | title | (year) | volume | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. There should be an asterisk (*) after each authors name, which corresponds to an asterisked footnote, giving the authors current position(s) of employment, department where appropriate, university, city, country, and email address (e.g. Williams J: OSCOLA uses a system of cross-referencing to save space when you repeatedly cite the same source. Statues are divided into parts, sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs. If the case name is included in the text, omit it in the footnote. Hansard is the official transcript of parliamentary debates in the UK. After that, you can shorten it. If citing an online encyclopedia, give the URL and date of access: See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.2.6 for more details. The targeted compounds are widely studied nanotubes attaining exquisite nanostructures due to their distinguishable properties attaining numeric values. When referencing a specific article in a collected work please provide the author(s) name and chapter title (with all primary words capitalised), in double quotation marks ( ). For example, in Glebe Motors plc v Dixon-Greene can be shortened to in the Glebe Motors case or in Glebe Motors. Some newspapers have The in the title and some do not. Trevor Bench-Capon, Transition Systems for Designing and Reasoning about Norms (2015) 23(4), Michel Foucault, The Subject and Power (1982) 8(4), 2023 SCRIPTed DOI: 10.2966/scrip ISSN: 1744-2567, Territoriality in Intellectual Property Law: Examining the Tension between Securing Societal Goals and Treating Intellectual Property as an Investment Asset, Copyright in AI-generated works: Lessons from recent developments in patent law. Round brackets ( ) are used when the year is not necessary to identify the relevant volume of the journal (e.g. Pila, J, The Value of Authorship in the Digital Environment in William H Dutton and Paul W Jeffreys (eds), 1. The Assistant Editor is responsible for sending the submission to at least two recognised experts for independent, external peer review. Older books do not have ISBNs, but you should cite them as books even if you read them online. Williams LJ. In the Bibliographythe surname is provided first, followed by the initial of the first name: If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. OSCOLA is a footnote style: all citations . See page 10-11 of the 4th edition of OCSCOLA. Generally, footnotes should be used for citationof sources, rather than for additional text. If there is no author identified, and it is appropriate to cite an anonymous source, begin the citation with the title in the usual way. Secondary sources include books, journal articles, legal blogs, encyclopedias like Halsbury's, Topic guides in Westlaw, and anything that isn't 'the law'. The authors forename and surname with no full stops; The number of the edition (abbreviated ed., e.g. You should refer to the year the Act was passed rather than the year it came into force. If the book has up to three authors, include and in between each author. Law Commission, 'Housing: Encouraging Responsponsible Letting' (Law Com No 312 Cm 7458, TSO, 2008) [1.5]. If there are more than three authors, give the name of the first author followed by 'and others'. Quotes longer than three lines of text should be styled using the quotation style within the in-house template (independent, fully-indented paragraphs) and should not have quotation marks. This means that for subsequent references of a source, you dont have to repeat the full citation. 1. For example, Johnston v Ireland (1986) Series A no 122. See3.4.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. Give the editors or editors name(s) as above for the author, with ed./eds. following immediately in brackets. Where available, include the DOI and the URL of the original publication, including available at. Enter in alphabetical order in the Secondary Sources. The number is displayed in superscript (i.e. Anderson W and Weatherburn P, 'Treatment Information Needs of People Living with HIV' (Research report Nam Publications 1996). The rules for referring to parts of statutory instruments are the same as those referring to parts of statues. Along with an overview of referencing, our authors share their thoughts on why referencing is used in academic writing. If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by and others. . Lets look at the OSCOLA system in detail, and how you can cite a wide range of legal sources. The President of the Supreme Court should be abbreviated as, for example, Lord Brown P; the Deputy President as Lord Brown DP. Author, 'Web page title' (Website in Italics, Full Date) accessed Date. A Court of Appeal Judge who is Lord or Lady Smith should be referred to asSmith LJ. See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.4.8 for more details. Finally, the first and last page of the article should be cited, including pp.. When pinpointing (referring to a specific page in an article) put the first page of the article followed by a comma, a space and the page of the pinpoint. See theOSCOLA guidesand our Referencing with Confidence OSCOLA Guide for more details. If you are yourself the author or recipient of the communication, say from author or to author as appropriate. In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. In text:refer to the text giving case names in italics eg: InPhipps v Boardman31.. For most sources in OSCOLA, the bibliographic format is the same as the footnote. Case/Legislation Comments and Conference Reportsshould not normally exceed 3,000 words. A longer dash is used to separate a sentence from a side remark (e.g. Bill title HC Bill (Session) [Bill number]. ), For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2.2. To create a footnote in Microsoft Word, click your mouse on the place you For a case, cite in full the first time. %PDF-1.6 % 3.4.1) suggest the following form for citing podcasts, YouTube videos and similar sources: Author, Title (publication date) accessed xx month 2014. endstream endobj startxref When a source has 2 authors, list the last name of the first author's name in your Works Cited entry, followed by a comma. 0 Items in the table of legislation are listed in identical form to how they are cited in the text. Sources are listed in alphabetical order within each table and in the bibliography. All submissions will be subject to the journals Editorial and Refereeing Policies. Book. List legislation, cases and secondary sources in separate sections of your bibliography in alphabetical order. When you cite EU treaties and protocols, give the title of the legislation, followed by the year of publication, the OK series and the issue and page numbers. Author,Title(edition,Publisher | year) page number. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name. Here's how In the House of Commons, written answers are indicated by the suffix W after the column number; in the House of Lords, they are indicated by the prefix WA before the column number. Deb is short for debate, vol for volume, and col for column. You should cite an Act by its short title and year in roman, using capitals for the major words. J Herring). Report of the Secretary-General (22 August 2013) UN Doc A/68/341. More than 3 authors For sources with multiple authors. When asked about the role of a newspapers proprietor Rupert Murdoch said: Section 4(2) of the Human Rights Act 1998 states in s 4(2) of the Human Rights Act 1998 and in ss 6-9 of that Act Clarkson CMV and Keating HM and Cunningham SR. 1. INDIAN LAW INSTITUTE: 1. Please use double quotation marks ( ) when defining a term for use in the article (e.g. OSCOLA abbreviates a wide range of legal sources and institutions. do not write See n. 12.). H4;@ $7 Needless to say, the add
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